The colon is a tubular organ roughly five to five and a half feet long. Through wave-like involuntary contractions called peristalsis, it moves digested food and waste material along its length toward the rectum for elimination.
It also hosts the largest concentration of bacteria in the body — beneficial flora that play a role in synthesizing vitamins B and K and folic acid. In a healthy colon, helpful strains far outnumber the unhelpful ones. Poor eating and lifestyle habits can throw that balance off, leaving the colon sluggish and giving less helpful bacteria room to take over.
When that goes on long enough, the body starts to notice. Frequent constipation or diarrhea, bad breath, recurring headaches or migraines, skin issues, persistent lower back pain, and a general lack of energy are common signs that something in the gut is out of balance.